Sales Volume Predictions
ADIGUN TOHEEB AYOMIDE
2025-10-27
1 LOADING LIBRARIES
## Loading required package: ggplot2## Loading required package: lattice## corrplot 0.95 loaded##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, union2 Introduction
Predicting the sales of four different product types and assessing the impact of service reviews and customer reviews on sales Goals 1. Predicting Sales: To predict the sales of four different product types — PCs, Laptops, Netbooks, and Smartphones — using historical sales data and relevant influencing factors. 2. Assessing Review Impact: To assess the impact that service reviews and customer reviews have on the sales performance of these product types, identifying key factors that drive or hinder sales.
3 Data Descrtption
The Existing product has 80 observations and 18 variables. We have
one of the variable which is catergorical “Product Type” and we have the
rest to be numerical. The data was given which the project statement as
an attachment ## Data Summary & Structure** 1. The dataset contained
80 observations and 18 variables, primarily numeric, with one
categorical variable (ProductType).
3.1 loading the dataset
## ProductType ProductNum Price x5StarReviews
## Length:80 Min. :101.0 Min. : 3.60 Min. : 0.0
## Class :character 1st Qu.:120.8 1st Qu.: 52.66 1st Qu.: 10.0
## Mode :character Median :140.5 Median : 132.72 Median : 50.0
## Mean :142.6 Mean : 247.25 Mean : 176.2
## 3rd Qu.:160.2 3rd Qu.: 352.49 3rd Qu.: 306.5
## Max. :200.0 Max. :2249.99 Max. :2801.0
##
## x4StarReviews x3StarReviews x2StarReviews x1StarReviews
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 2.75 1st Qu.: 2.00 1st Qu.: 1.00 1st Qu.: 2.00
## Median : 22.00 Median : 7.00 Median : 3.00 Median : 8.50
## Mean : 40.20 Mean : 14.79 Mean : 13.79 Mean : 37.67
## 3rd Qu.: 33.00 3rd Qu.: 11.25 3rd Qu.: 7.00 3rd Qu.: 15.25
## Max. :431.00 Max. :162.00 Max. :370.00 Max. :1654.00
##
## PositiveServiceReview NegativeServiceReview Recommendproduct BestSellersRank
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000 Min. :0.100 Min. : 1
## 1st Qu.: 2.00 1st Qu.: 1.000 1st Qu.:0.700 1st Qu.: 7
## Median : 5.50 Median : 3.000 Median :0.800 Median : 27
## Mean : 51.75 Mean : 6.225 Mean :0.745 Mean : 1126
## 3rd Qu.: 42.00 3rd Qu.: 6.250 3rd Qu.:0.900 3rd Qu.: 281
## Max. :536.00 Max. :112.000 Max. :1.000 Max. :17502
## NA's :15
## ShippingWeight ProductDepth ProductWidth ProductHeight
## Min. : 0.0100 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 0.5125 1st Qu.: 4.775 1st Qu.: 1.750 1st Qu.: 0.400
## Median : 2.1000 Median : 7.950 Median : 6.800 Median : 3.950
## Mean : 9.6681 Mean : 14.425 Mean : 7.819 Mean : 6.259
## 3rd Qu.:11.2050 3rd Qu.: 15.025 3rd Qu.:11.275 3rd Qu.:10.300
## Max. :63.0000 Max. :300.000 Max. :31.750 Max. :25.800
##
## ProfitMargin Volume
## Min. :0.0500 Min. : 0
## 1st Qu.:0.0500 1st Qu.: 40
## Median :0.1200 Median : 200
## Mean :0.1545 Mean : 705
## 3rd Qu.:0.2000 3rd Qu.: 1226
## Max. :0.4000 Max. :11204
## ## $names
## [1] "ProductType" "ProductNum" "Price"
## [4] "x5StarReviews" "x4StarReviews" "x3StarReviews"
## [7] "x2StarReviews" "x1StarReviews" "PositiveServiceReview"
## [10] "NegativeServiceReview" "Recommendproduct" "BestSellersRank"
## [13] "ShippingWeight" "ProductDepth" "ProductWidth"
## [16] "ProductHeight" "ProfitMargin" "Volume"
##
## $class
## [1] "data.frame"
##
## $row.names
## [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
## [26] 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
## [51] 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
## [76] 76 77 78 79 80## ProductType ProductNum Price x5StarReviews x4StarReviews
## 1 PC 101 949.00 3 3
## 2 PC 102 2249.99 2 1
## 3 PC 103 399.00 3 0
## 4 Laptop 104 409.99 49 19
## 5 Laptop 105 1079.99 58 31
## 6 Accessories 106 114.22 83 30
## 7 Accessories 107 379.99 11 3
## 8 Accessories 108 65.29 33 19
## 9 Accessories 109 119.99 16 9
## 10 Accessories 110 16.99 10 1
## 11 Accessories 111 6.55 21 2
## 12 Accessories 112 15.00 75 25
## 13 Accessories 113 52.50 10 8
## 14 Accessories 114 21.08 313 62
## 15 Accessories 115 18.98 349 118
## 16 Accessories 116 3.60 8 6
## 17 Accessories 117 3.60 11 5
## 18 Accessories 118 174.99 170 100
## 19 Accessories 119 9.99 15 12
## 20 Software 120 670.00 20 2
## 21 Software 121 133.08 34 15
## 22 Software 122 124.99 394 187
## 23 Software 123 56.99 513 217
## 24 Software 124 48.50 29 18
## 25 Software 125 31.99 77 31
## 26 Display 126 179.99 306 114
## 27 Printer 127 396.35 8 0
## 28 Printer 128 262.98 22 8
## 29 PrinterSupplies 129 83.11 0 0
## 30 PrinterSupplies 130 26.78 6 2
## 31 PrinterSupplies 131 43.22 5 0
## 32 ExtendedWarranty 132 79.98 0 1
## 33 ExtendedWarranty 133 87.98 5 0
## 34 ExtendedWarranty 134 124.98 308 27
## 35 ExtendedWarranty 135 129.98 308 27
## 36 ExtendedWarranty 136 134.98 308 27
## 37 ExtendedWarranty 137 151.98 308 27
## 38 ExtendedWarranty 138 169.98 308 27
## 39 ExtendedWarranty 139 179.98 308 27
## 40 ExtendedWarranty 140 189.50 308 27
## 41 ExtendedWarranty 141 349.99 308 27
## 42 PC 142 609.99 21 7
## 43 Laptop 143 770.60 22 14
## 44 Accessories 144 3.84 92 29
## 45 Accessories 145 6.99 384 31
## 46 Accessories 146 59.99 366 59
## 47 Accessories 147 38.66 209 83
## 48 Accessories 148 10.75 535 261
## 49 Accessories 149 126.95 13 2
## 50 Accessories 150 49.99 2801 431
## 51 Accessories 151 103.85 3 0
## 52 Accessories 152 52.72 51 33
## 53 Accessories 153 19.99 474 38
## 54 Accessories 154 16.24 108 54
## 55 Accessories 155 69.00 226 37
## 56 Display 156 359.99 90 27
## 57 Display 157 1276.57 164 33
## 58 Display 158 783.98 26 13
## 59 Display 159 149.99 21 10
## 60 Printer 160 129.99 74 25
## 61 Printer 161 128.49 58 33
## 62 Printer 162 141.95 4 0
## 63 Printer 163 149.99 8 3
## 64 Printer 164 165.99 2 0
## 65 Printer 165 169.26 20 13
## 66 Printer 166 132.36 0 1
## 67 Printer 167 149.99 206 89
## 68 Printer 168 395.00 8 0
## 69 Printer 169 385.96 99 43
## 70 Netbook 177 379.99 1 0
## 71 Tablet 185 499.00 148 66
## 72 Smartphone 190 199.00 4 1
## 73 GameConsole 198 129.00 1759 296
## 74 Tablet 188 499.00 86 51
## 75 Tablet 189 419.00 3 1
## 76 Smartphone 191 200.00 62 25
## 77 Smartphone 192 99.00 18 17
## 78 Netbook 182 349.99 22 10
## 79 Smartphone 197 499.00 368 28
## 80 GameConsole 200 299.99 421 87
## x3StarReviews x2StarReviews x1StarReviews PositiveServiceReview
## 1 2 0 0 2
## 2 0 0 0 1
## 3 0 0 0 1
## 4 8 3 9 7
## 5 11 7 36 7
## 6 10 9 40 12
## 7 0 0 1 3
## 8 12 5 9 5
## 9 2 0 2 2
## 10 1 0 0 2
## 11 2 4 15 2
## 12 6 3 3 9
## 13 5 0 1 2
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## 15 27 7 5 57
## 16 3 2 1 0
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## 19 4 0 4 3
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## 22 63 42 86 55
## 23 162 370 1654 144
## 24 3 1 8 4
## 25 7 3 2 7
## 26 25 22 28 42
## 27 1 0 2 1
## 28 3 1 3 5
## 29 0 1 3 1
## 30 0 0 1 1
## 31 0 0 0 1
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## 33 2 0 1 0
## 34 8 3 15 280
## 35 8 3 15 280
## 36 8 3 15 280
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## 46 23 26 24 60
## 47 35 38 36 15
## 48 134 104 177 120
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## 51 0 0 0 1
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## 58 7 5 16 4
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## 66 0 0 0 0
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## 68 1 0 2 3
## 69 17 11 20 8
## 70 1 1 0 0
## 71 30 20 29 12
## 72 0 2 2 1
## 73 109 56 44 56
## 74 17 12 9 14
## 75 0 0 0 0
## 76 10 11 12 9
## 77 6 2 12 5
## 78 6 2 10 3
## 79 14 10 23 22
## 80 20 14 39 29
## NegativeServiceReview Recommendproduct BestSellersRank ShippingWeight
## 1 0 0.9 1967 25.80
## 2 0 0.9 4806 50.00
## 3 0 0.9 12076 17.40
## 4 8 0.8 109 5.70
## 5 20 0.7 268 7.00
## 6 5 0.3 64 1.60
## 7 0 0.9 NA 7.30
## 8 3 0.7 2 12.00
## 9 1 0.8 NA 1.80
## 10 0 0.9 18 0.75
## 11 1 0.5 NA 1.00
## 12 2 0.2 7 2.20
## 13 0 0.8 NA 1.10
## 14 3 0.9 6 0.35
## 15 3 0.9 NA 0.60
## 16 0 0.8 927 0.01
## 17 0 0.8 661 0.01
## 18 6 0.8 1 1.40
## 19 1 0.8 NA 0.40
## 20 3 0.7 110 0.25
## 21 4 0.7 NA 3.20
## 22 38 0.8 1 0.15
## 23 112 0.3 398 0.55
## 24 2 0.8 150 0.20
## 25 0 0.9 281 0.20
## 26 12 0.8 2 13.70
## 27 1 0.3 60 63.00
## 28 1 0.8 29 57.00
## 29 1 0.1 17502 10.30
## 30 0 0.9 NA 1.00
## 31 0 1.0 NA 1.00
## 32 3 0.4 5 0.20
## 33 1 0.6 11 0.20
## 34 8 0.9 16 0.20
## 35 8 0.9 7 0.20
## 36 8 0.9 7 0.20
## 37 8 0.9 7 0.20
## 38 8 0.9 7 0.20
## 39 8 0.9 7 0.20
## 40 8 0.9 7 0.20
## 41 8 0.9 7 0.20
## 42 3 0.6 NA 29.10
## 43 2 0.7 1473 3.54
## 44 3 0.8 17 1.00
## 45 1 0.9 9 1.00
## 46 5 0.8 22 2.40
## 47 4 0.7 11 0.40
## 48 15 0.7 3 1.50
## 49 1 0.6 17 3.00
## 50 22 0.8 30 0.40
## 51 0 0.9 100 8.00
## 52 1 0.8 3 4.00
## 53 2 0.9 22 1.50
## 54 3 0.9 27 0.55
## 55 1 0.9 27 3.80
## 56 3 0.9 1 7.00
## 57 4 0.9 8 23.00
## 58 5 0.6 50 25.00
## 59 2 0.8 48 10.00
## 60 2 0.9 6 32.20
## 61 2 0.9 11 22.70
## 62 1 0.5 76 25.00
## 63 0 0.7 NA 35.00
## 64 1 0.5 NA 31.00
## 65 7 0.5 NA 32.00
## 66 0 0.8 NA 30.20
## 67 50 0.7 10 13.00
## 68 0 0.8 69 63.00
## 69 13 0.7 NA 39.00
## 70 1 0.3 6295 3.00
## 71 6 0.8 134 2.20
## 72 1 0.5 829 1.10
## 73 13 0.9 215 7.25
## 74 2 0.8 4 2.00
## 75 0 0.9 544 2.20
## 76 3 0.8 720 0.90
## 77 4 0.7 5742 0.70
## 78 3 0.3 2723 5.00
## 79 3 0.9 14086 0.90
## 80 14 0.9 352 10.94
## ProductDepth ProductWidth ProductHeight ProfitMargin Volume
## 1 23.94 6.62 16.89 0.15 12
## 2 35.00 31.75 19.00 0.25 8
## 3 10.50 8.30 10.20 0.08 12
## 4 15.00 9.90 1.30 0.08 196
## 5 12.90 0.30 8.90 0.09 232
## 6 5.80 4.00 1.00 0.05 332
## 7 6.70 10.30 11.50 0.05 44
## 8 7.90 6.70 2.20 0.05 132
## 9 10.60 9.40 4.70 0.05 64
## 10 10.70 13.10 0.60 0.05 40
## 11 7.30 7.00 1.60 0.05 84
## 12 21.30 1.80 7.80 0.05 300
## 13 15.60 3.00 15.00 0.05 40
## 14 5.70 3.50 8.30 0.05 1252
## 15 1.70 13.50 10.20 0.05 1396
## 16 11.50 8.50 0.40 0.05 32
## 17 11.50 8.50 0.40 0.05 44
## 18 13.80 8.20 0.40 0.05 680
## 19 11.10 7.60 0.50 0.05 60
## 20 5.80 1.40 7.80 0.15 80
## 21 7.40 5.50 1.40 0.15 136
## 22 7.60 5.50 1.20 0.20 1576
## 23 5.20 1.40 7.50 0.15 2052
## 24 8.00 7.00 1.00 0.20 116
## 25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.30 308
## 26 8.50 22.30 17.50 0.08 1224
## 27 17.90 15.90 12.70 0.12 32
## 28 17.30 23.50 25.80 0.12 88
## 29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 0
## 30 3.30 1.60 4.70 0.30 24
## 31 4.70 2.90 6.30 0.30 20
## 32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0
## 33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 20
## 34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 42 20.95 8.47 20.71 0.09 84
## 43 12.72 8.90 0.71 0.15 88
## 44 6.50 4.20 1.50 0.05 368
## 45 108.00 0.50 0.50 0.05 1536
## 46 7.90 1.40 19.10 0.05 1464
## 47 3.60 6.50 8.80 0.05 836
## 48 11.50 20.00 7.20 0.05 2140
## 49 5.90 1.80 6.70 0.05 52
## 50 7.00 4.50 1.20 0.05 11204
## 51 4.80 1.30 4.80 0.05 12
## 52 6.60 5.50 5.20 0.05 204
## 53 300.00 0.50 0.50 0.05 1896
## 54 6.00 3.00 8.20 0.05 432
## 55 15.00 9.80 18.90 0.05 904
## 56 9.20 11.20 3.20 0.20 360
## 57 15.50 17.70 5.70 0.25 656
## 58 29.20 9.90 23.00 0.16 104
## 59 20.00 15.30 6.40 0.17 84
## 60 15.70 15.90 12.40 0.10 296
## 61 15.70 15.90 10.60 0.12 232
## 62 19.50 18.00 14.00 0.14 16
## 63 10.20 15.98 14.55 0.18 32
## 64 22.10 18.60 13.50 0.18 8
## 65 15.10 11.70 19.60 0.16 80
## 66 20.90 20.90 14.60 0.20 0
## 67 8.80 13.70 7.60 0.15 824
## 68 17.90 15.90 12.70 0.09 32
## 69 21.00 15.40 17.90 0.11 396
## 70 7.44 10.43 1.02 0.10 4
## 71 7.10 10.40 0.30 0.13 592
## 72 4.50 2.50 0.50 0.10 16
## 73 8.50 6.00 1.75 0.18 7036
## 74 10.10 6.90 0.38 0.20 344
## 75 7.00 10.20 0.40 0.18 12
## 76 2.80 5.40 0.30 0.14 248
## 77 2.80 5.30 0.40 0.17 72
## 78 7.57 10.47 1.43 0.12 88
## 79 2.70 5.00 0.40 0.10 1472
## 80 12.00 11.50 7.25 0.12 1684## [1] "ProductType" "ProductNum" "Price"
## [4] "x5StarReviews" "x4StarReviews" "x3StarReviews"
## [7] "x2StarReviews" "x1StarReviews" "PositiveServiceReview"
## [10] "NegativeServiceReview" "Recommendproduct" "BestSellersRank"
## [13] "ShippingWeight" "ProductDepth" "ProductWidth"
## [16] "ProductHeight" "ProfitMargin" "Volume"4 Data Preprocessing
4.1 checking for duplicate
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## ProductType ProductNum Price x5StarReviews x4StarReviews x3StarReviews
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## x2StarReviews x1StarReviews PositiveServiceReview NegativeServiceReview
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## Recommendproduct BestSellersRank ShippingWeight ProductDepth ProductWidth
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## [76,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [77,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [78,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [79,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [80,] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
## ProductHeight ProfitMargin Volume
## [1,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [2,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [3,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [4,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [5,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [6,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
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## [55,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
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## [72,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [73,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [74,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [75,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [76,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [77,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [78,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [79,] FALSE FALSE FALSE
## [80,] FALSE FALSE FALSE## [1] 155 Data structure
- There were no missing values or duplicates after cleaning.
- The variable
BestSellersRankwas removed due to irrelevance or missing data.
6 Dummify the data
7 Correlation between the relevant independent variables
## ProductTypeAccessories ProductTypeDisplay
## ProductTypeAccessories 1.000000000 -0.17916128
## ProductTypeDisplay -0.179161283 1.00000000
## ProductTypeExtendedWarranty -0.262265264 -0.09759001
## ProductTypeGameConsole -0.111111111 -0.04134491
## ProductTypeLaptop -0.136963567 -0.05096472
## ProductTypeNetbook -0.111111111 -0.04134491
## ProductTypePC -0.159188978 -0.05923489
## ProductTypePrinter -0.291491544 -0.10846523
## ProductTypePrinterSupplies -0.136963567 -0.05096472
## ProductTypeSmartphone -0.159188978 -0.05923489
## ProductTypeSoftware -0.197582993 -0.07352146
## ProductTypeTablet -0.136963567 -0.05096472
## ProductNum -0.338862490 0.08407390
## Price -0.384906124 0.23172981
## x5StarReviews 0.127803771 -0.03758386
## x4StarReviews 0.156715126 -0.00293832
## x3StarReviews 0.110608918 -0.03849540
## x2StarReviews 0.033055555 -0.02708636
## x1StarReviews -0.041647041 -0.03628464
## PositiveServiceReview 0.002699224 -0.09438421
## NegativeServiceReview -0.148034357 -0.01861755
## Recommendproduct 0.058505351 0.07239820
## ShippingWeight -0.341367875 0.10374059
## ProductDepth 0.191398963 0.01528395
## ProductWidth -0.154462467 0.28447123
## ProductHeight -0.060521774 0.18486593
## ProfitMargin -0.626935212 0.03906690
## Volume 0.127803771 -0.03758386
## ProductTypeExtendedWarranty ProductTypeGameConsole
## ProductTypeAccessories -0.26226526 -0.111111111
## ProductTypeDisplay -0.09759001 -0.041344912
## ProductTypeExtendedWarranty 1.00000000 -0.060522753
## ProductTypeGameConsole -0.06052275 1.000000000
## ProductTypeLaptop -0.07460471 -0.031606977
## ProductTypeNetbook -0.06052275 -0.025641026
## ProductTypePC -0.08671100 -0.036735918
## ProductTypePrinter -0.15877684 -0.067267279
## ProductTypePrinterSupplies -0.07460471 -0.031606977
## ProductTypeSmartphone -0.08671100 -0.036735918
## ProductTypeSoftware -0.10762440 -0.045596075
## ProductTypeTablet -0.07460471 -0.031606977
## ProductNum -0.08607897 0.340268975
## Price -0.09780278 -0.015543759
## x5StarReviews 0.07086528 0.388298241
## x4StarReviews -0.09946665 0.344636607
## x3StarReviews -0.09934446 0.258709076
## x2StarReviews -0.09348376 0.074429824
## x1StarReviews -0.05189306 0.003300983
## PositiveServiceReview 0.62710951 -0.014267327
## NegativeServiceReview 0.01528844 0.081949267
## Recommendproduct 0.14451833 0.126534828
## ShippingWeight -0.23680262 -0.006072795
## ProductDepth -0.15707124 -0.019260720
## ProductWidth -0.43640441 0.022014271
## ProductHeight -0.34555286 -0.041136327
## ProfitMargin 0.80226723 -0.006230125
## Volume 0.07086528 0.388298241
## ProductTypeLaptop ProductTypeNetbook ProductTypePC
## ProductTypeAccessories -0.136963567 -0.11111111 -0.15918898
## ProductTypeDisplay -0.050964719 -0.04134491 -0.05923489
## ProductTypeExtendedWarranty -0.074604710 -0.06052275 -0.08671100
## ProductTypeGameConsole -0.031606977 -0.02564103 -0.03673592
## ProductTypeLaptop 1.000000000 -0.03160698 -0.04528334
## ProductTypeNetbook -0.031606977 1.00000000 -0.03673592
## ProductTypePC -0.045283341 -0.03673592 1.00000000
## ProductTypePrinter -0.082918499 -0.06726728 -0.09637388
## ProductTypePrinterSupplies -0.038961039 -0.03160698 -0.04528334
## ProductTypeSmartphone -0.045283341 -0.03673592 -0.05263158
## ProductTypeSoftware -0.056205010 -0.04559608 -0.06532553
## ProductTypeTablet -0.038961039 -0.03160698 -0.04528334
## ProductNum -0.187367237 0.22272699 -0.26383058
## Price 0.296140664 0.05587061 0.54711260
## x5StarReviews -0.069799582 -0.07001054 -0.10289168
## x4StarReviews -0.052974299 -0.08017983 -0.12221649
## x3StarReviews -0.045679827 -0.05874134 -0.10093459
## x2StarReviews -0.038007390 -0.04311403 -0.06931004
## x1StarReviews -0.021994035 -0.02819859 -0.04287299
## PositiveServiceReview -0.085716506 -0.07750629 -0.10938596
## NegativeServiceReview 0.052417536 -0.04759253 -0.08835918
## Recommendproduct -0.011740126 -0.36327741 0.09356725
## ShippingWeight -0.055573162 -0.06005908 0.31738315
## ProductDepth -0.005033888 -0.03192360 0.05401162
## ProductWidth -0.042331972 0.06221219 0.20211260
## ProductHeight -0.075600667 -0.11774247 0.34991734
## ProfitMargin -0.081632386 -0.06160902 -0.02380242
## Volume -0.069799582 -0.07001054 -0.10289168
## ProductTypePrinter ProductTypePrinterSupplies
## ProductTypeAccessories -0.291491544 -0.13696357
## ProductTypeDisplay -0.108465229 -0.05096472
## ProductTypeExtendedWarranty -0.158776837 -0.07460471
## ProductTypeGameConsole -0.067267279 -0.03160698
## ProductTypeLaptop -0.082918499 -0.03896104
## ProductTypeNetbook -0.067267279 -0.03160698
## ProductTypePC -0.096373885 -0.04528334
## ProductTypePrinter 1.000000000 -0.08291850
## ProductTypePrinterSupplies -0.082918499 1.00000000
## ProductTypeSmartphone -0.096373885 -0.04528334
## ProductTypeSoftware -0.119617833 -0.05620501
## ProductTypeTablet -0.082918499 -0.03896104
## ProductNum 0.249589095 -0.09325018
## Price -0.037212288 -0.11477363
## x5StarReviews -0.149200679 -0.09040334
## x4StarReviews -0.133159178 -0.11100268
## x3StarReviews -0.121109706 -0.09486115
## x2StarReviews -0.087025567 -0.05819149
## x1StarReviews -0.060204072 -0.03866021
## PositiveServiceReview -0.184785826 -0.09649048
## NegativeServiceReview 0.008126681 -0.08180838
## Recommendproduct -0.149914932 -0.07882656
## ShippingWeight 0.757676417 -0.07272702
## ProductDepth 0.029243566 -0.06686404
## ProductWidth 0.555981505 -0.18418343
## ProductHeight 0.515703796 -0.07473566
## ProfitMargin -0.055691552 0.27675370
## Volume -0.149200679 -0.09040334
## ProductTypeSmartphone ProductTypeSoftware
## ProductTypeAccessories -0.159188978 -0.197582993
## ProductTypeDisplay -0.059234888 -0.073521462
## ProductTypeExtendedWarranty -0.086710997 -0.107624401
## ProductTypeGameConsole -0.036735918 -0.045596075
## ProductTypeLaptop -0.045283341 -0.056205010
## ProductTypeNetbook -0.036735918 -0.045596075
## ProductTypePC -0.052631579 -0.065325533
## ProductTypePrinter -0.096373885 -0.119617833
## ProductTypePrinterSupplies -0.045283341 -0.056205010
## ProductTypeSmartphone 1.000000000 -0.065325533
## ProductTypeSoftware -0.065325533 1.000000000
## ProductTypeTablet -0.045283341 -0.056205010
## ProductNum 0.431369468 -0.214914072
## Price 0.001358954 -0.058780827
## x5StarReviews -0.038508275 0.001196472
## x4StarReviews -0.073264624 0.154461169
## x3StarReviews -0.054335058 0.234863478
## x2StarReviews -0.037891166 0.350735807
## x1StarReviews -0.031436074 0.393364234
## PositiveServiceReview -0.093917237 -0.041827585
## NegativeServiceReview -0.056081857 0.406129939
## Recommendproduct -0.023391813 -0.065325533
## ShippingWeight -0.133107177 -0.167879959
## ProductDepth -0.074189350 -0.071848214
## ProductWidth -0.110745236 -0.183007483
## ProductHeight -0.196337600 -0.129304214
## ProfitMargin -0.053555434 0.091501867
## Volume -0.038508275 0.001196472
## ProductTypeTablet ProductNum Price
## ProductTypeAccessories -0.136963567 -0.338862490 -0.384906124
## ProductTypeDisplay -0.050964719 0.084073899 0.231729810
## ProductTypeExtendedWarranty -0.074604710 -0.086078971 -0.097802784
## ProductTypeGameConsole -0.031606977 0.340268975 -0.015543759
## ProductTypeLaptop -0.038961039 -0.187367237 0.296140664
## ProductTypeNetbook -0.031606977 0.222726991 0.055870610
## ProductTypePC -0.045283341 -0.263830575 0.547112596
## ProductTypePrinter -0.082918499 0.249589095 -0.037212288
## ProductTypePrinterSupplies -0.038961039 -0.093250185 -0.114773627
## ProductTypeSmartphone -0.045283341 0.431369468 0.001358954
## ProductTypeSoftware -0.056205010 -0.214914072 -0.058780827
## ProductTypeTablet 1.000000000 0.332753315 0.131659520
## ProductNum 0.332753315 1.000000000 -0.039748728
## Price 0.131659520 -0.039748728 1.000000000
## x5StarReviews -0.050941908 0.166120763 -0.142343990
## x4StarReviews -0.002433448 0.119400607 -0.165283699
## x3StarReviews 0.005639815 0.090200642 -0.150537613
## x2StarReviews -0.013498120 -0.004533099 -0.110681189
## x1StarReviews -0.026603829 -0.063063850 -0.083957332
## PositiveServiceReview -0.081913925 -0.057748062 -0.142143291
## NegativeServiceReview -0.049409024 -0.019427155 -0.060790373
## Recommendproduct 0.088889522 0.003886211 0.068930357
## ShippingWeight -0.098414265 0.081238782 0.416777401
## ProductDepth -0.036157465 0.036187970 0.010967649
## ProductWidth 0.039281194 0.126793427 0.382397533
## ProductHeight -0.170078975 -0.046220225 0.294160597
## ProfitMargin 0.026452306 0.039715141 0.099669405
## Volume -0.050941908 0.166120763 -0.142343990
## x5StarReviews x4StarReviews x3StarReviews
## ProductTypeAccessories 0.127803771 0.1567151258 0.110608918
## ProductTypeDisplay -0.037583856 -0.0029383203 -0.038495398
## ProductTypeExtendedWarranty 0.070865276 -0.0994666496 -0.099344457
## ProductTypeGameConsole 0.388298241 0.3446366067 0.258709076
## ProductTypeLaptop -0.069799582 -0.0529742995 -0.045679827
## ProductTypeNetbook -0.070010545 -0.0801798318 -0.058741337
## ProductTypePC -0.102891676 -0.1222164888 -0.100934593
## ProductTypePrinter -0.149200679 -0.1331591777 -0.121109706
## ProductTypePrinterSupplies -0.090403335 -0.1110026840 -0.094861150
## ProductTypeSmartphone -0.038508275 -0.0732646241 -0.054335058
## ProductTypeSoftware 0.001196472 0.1544611686 0.234863478
## ProductTypeTablet -0.050941908 -0.0024334484 0.005639815
## ProductNum 0.166120763 0.1194006067 0.090200642
## Price -0.142343990 -0.1652836990 -0.150537613
## x5StarReviews 1.000000000 0.8790063940 0.763373189
## x4StarReviews 0.879006394 1.0000000000 0.937214175
## x3StarReviews 0.763373189 0.9372141751 1.000000000
## x2StarReviews 0.487279328 0.6790056214 0.861480050
## x1StarReviews 0.255023904 0.4449417168 0.679276158
## PositiveServiceReview 0.622260219 0.4834212832 0.418517393
## NegativeServiceReview 0.309418989 0.5332221777 0.684096619
## Recommendproduct 0.169541264 0.0714153315 -0.056613257
## ShippingWeight -0.188023980 -0.1949140938 -0.171842042
## ProductDepth 0.066105249 -0.0317207111 -0.049376503
## ProductWidth -0.143436609 -0.0006476125 -0.018838926
## ProductHeight -0.160004003 -0.0858559708 -0.068081406
## ProfitMargin -0.013448603 -0.1466538020 -0.128706922
## Volume 1.000000000 0.8790063940 0.763373189
## x2StarReviews x1StarReviews PositiveServiceReview
## ProductTypeAccessories 0.033055555 -0.041647041 0.002699224
## ProductTypeDisplay -0.027086357 -0.036284641 -0.094384206
## ProductTypeExtendedWarranty -0.093483762 -0.051893064 0.627109511
## ProductTypeGameConsole 0.074429824 0.003300983 -0.014267327
## ProductTypeLaptop -0.038007390 -0.021994035 -0.085716506
## ProductTypeNetbook -0.043114035 -0.028198592 -0.077506288
## ProductTypePC -0.069310042 -0.042872993 -0.109385958
## ProductTypePrinter -0.087025567 -0.060204072 -0.184785826
## ProductTypePrinterSupplies -0.058191494 -0.038660213 -0.096490485
## ProductTypeSmartphone -0.037891166 -0.031436074 -0.093917237
## ProductTypeSoftware 0.350735807 0.393364234 -0.041827585
## ProductTypeTablet -0.013498120 -0.026603829 -0.081913925
## ProductNum -0.004533099 -0.063063850 -0.057748062
## Price -0.110681189 -0.083957332 -0.142143291
## x5StarReviews 0.487279328 0.255023904 0.622260219
## x4StarReviews 0.679005621 0.444941717 0.483421283
## x3StarReviews 0.861480050 0.679276158 0.418517393
## x2StarReviews 1.000000000 0.951912978 0.308901370
## x1StarReviews 0.951912978 1.000000000 0.200035288
## PositiveServiceReview 0.308901370 0.200035288 1.000000000
## NegativeServiceReview 0.864754808 0.884728323 0.265549747
## Recommendproduct -0.197917979 -0.246092974 0.232828810
## ShippingWeight -0.128685586 -0.095656192 -0.270738543
## ProductDepth -0.042636007 -0.034639801 -0.050526592
## ProductWidth -0.065799979 -0.101139826 -0.339093728
## ProductHeight -0.013774805 0.002517859 -0.314294445
## ProfitMargin -0.090093715 -0.031227760 0.423591716
## Volume 0.487279328 0.255023904 0.622260219
## NegativeServiceReview Recommendproduct
## ProductTypeAccessories -0.148034357 0.058505351
## ProductTypeDisplay -0.018617554 0.072398196
## ProductTypeExtendedWarranty 0.015288441 0.144518328
## ProductTypeGameConsole 0.081949267 0.126534828
## ProductTypeLaptop 0.052417536 -0.011740126
## ProductTypeNetbook -0.047592529 -0.363277411
## ProductTypePC -0.088359185 0.093567251
## ProductTypePrinter 0.008126681 -0.149914932
## ProductTypePrinterSupplies -0.081808383 -0.078826557
## ProductTypeSmartphone -0.056081857 -0.023391813
## ProductTypeSoftware 0.406129939 -0.065325533
## ProductTypeTablet -0.049409024 0.088889522
## ProductNum -0.019427155 0.003886211
## Price -0.060790373 0.068930357
## x5StarReviews 0.309418989 0.169541264
## x4StarReviews 0.533222178 0.071415331
## x3StarReviews 0.684096619 -0.056613257
## x2StarReviews 0.864754808 -0.197917979
## x1StarReviews 0.884728323 -0.246092974
## PositiveServiceReview 0.265549747 0.232828810
## NegativeServiceReview 1.000000000 -0.188329242
## Recommendproduct -0.188329242 1.000000000
## ShippingWeight -0.111793874 -0.126043887
## ProductDepth -0.067410452 0.090358266
## ProductWidth -0.097207127 0.011091086
## ProductHeight -0.020735305 -0.043715755
## ProfitMargin 0.042035630 0.095760642
## Volume 0.309418989 0.169541264
## ShippingWeight ProductDepth ProductWidth
## ProductTypeAccessories -0.341367875 0.191398963 -0.1544624673
## ProductTypeDisplay 0.103740595 0.015283953 0.2844712255
## ProductTypeExtendedWarranty -0.236802620 -0.157071240 -0.4364044058
## ProductTypeGameConsole -0.006072795 -0.019260720 0.0220142711
## ProductTypeLaptop -0.055573162 -0.005033888 -0.0423319723
## ProductTypeNetbook -0.060059077 -0.031923597 0.0622121883
## ProductTypePC 0.317383148 0.054011618 0.2021125967
## ProductTypePrinter 0.757676417 0.029243566 0.5559815049
## ProductTypePrinterSupplies -0.072727018 -0.066864039 -0.1841834287
## ProductTypeSmartphone -0.133107177 -0.074189350 -0.1107452361
## ProductTypeSoftware -0.167879959 -0.071848214 -0.1830074830
## ProductTypeTablet -0.098414265 -0.036157465 0.0392811944
## ProductNum 0.081238782 0.036187970 0.1267934273
## Price 0.416777401 0.010967649 0.3823975328
## x5StarReviews -0.188023980 0.066105249 -0.1434366092
## x4StarReviews -0.194914094 -0.031720711 -0.0006476125
## x3StarReviews -0.171842042 -0.049376503 -0.0188389256
## x2StarReviews -0.128685586 -0.042636007 -0.0657999794
## x1StarReviews -0.095656192 -0.034639801 -0.1011398264
## PositiveServiceReview -0.270738543 -0.050526592 -0.3390937285
## NegativeServiceReview -0.111793874 -0.067410452 -0.0972071272
## Recommendproduct -0.126043887 0.090358266 0.0110910859
## ShippingWeight 1.000000000 0.065596924 0.6924735181
## ProductDepth 0.065596924 1.000000000 -0.0060085117
## ProductWidth 0.692473518 -0.006008512 1.0000000000
## ProductHeight 0.700311109 0.025484993 0.5668271129
## ProfitMargin -0.079215379 -0.207176026 -0.2914363968
## Volume -0.188023980 0.066105249 -0.1434366092
## ProductHeight ProfitMargin Volume
## ProductTypeAccessories -0.060521774 -0.626935212 0.127803771
## ProductTypeDisplay 0.184865930 0.039066904 -0.037583856
## ProductTypeExtendedWarranty -0.345552857 0.802267233 0.070865276
## ProductTypeGameConsole -0.041136327 -0.006230125 0.388298241
## ProductTypeLaptop -0.075600667 -0.081632386 -0.069799582
## ProductTypeNetbook -0.117742467 -0.061609018 -0.070010545
## ProductTypePC 0.349917345 -0.023802415 -0.102891676
## ProductTypePrinter 0.515703796 -0.055691552 -0.149200679
## ProductTypePrinterSupplies -0.074735657 0.276753698 -0.090403335
## ProductTypeSmartphone -0.196337600 -0.053555434 -0.038508275
## ProductTypeSoftware -0.129304214 0.091501867 0.001196472
## ProductTypeTablet -0.170078975 0.026452306 -0.050941908
## ProductNum -0.046220225 0.039715141 0.166120763
## Price 0.294160597 0.099669405 -0.142343990
## x5StarReviews -0.160004003 -0.013448603 1.000000000
## x4StarReviews -0.085855971 -0.146653802 0.879006394
## x3StarReviews -0.068081406 -0.128706922 0.763373189
## x2StarReviews -0.013774805 -0.090093715 0.487279328
## x1StarReviews 0.002517859 -0.031227760 0.255023904
## PositiveServiceReview -0.314294445 0.423591716 0.622260219
## NegativeServiceReview -0.020735305 0.042035630 0.309418989
## Recommendproduct -0.043715755 0.095760642 0.169541264
## ShippingWeight 0.700311109 -0.079215379 -0.188023980
## ProductDepth 0.025484993 -0.207176026 0.066105249
## ProductWidth 0.566827113 -0.291436397 -0.143436609
## ProductHeight 1.000000000 -0.288106289 -0.160004003
## ProfitMargin -0.288106289 1.000000000 -0.013448603
## Volume -0.160004003 -0.013448603 1.000000000x5starreviews x3starreview x2starreviews x1StarReviews PositiveServiceReview NegativeServiceReview ## our desicision is using coefficent greater than 0.2
8 Exploratory Data Analysis
##Univarate Analysis x5starreviews x3starreview x2starreviews x1StarReviews PositiveServiceReview NegativeServiceReview
c <- ggplot(sales, aes(ProductType))
c + geom_bar(fill = "steelblue") +
theme_minimal() +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) +
labs(title = "Product Type Distribution", x = "Product Type", y = "Count")
* Product Type Distribution: The dataset was dominated
by a few key product types likes Accessories, Pc, Netbook and
Smartphone
8.1 BIvarate Analysis
f1 <- ggplot(sales, aes(ProductType, PositiveServiceReview))
f1 + geom_col(fill = "steelblue") +
theme_minimal() +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) +
labs(title = "Product Type Distribution", x = "Product Type", y = "Count")
f2 <- ggplot(sales, aes(ProductType, NegativeServiceReview))
f2 + geom_col(fill = "steelblue") +
theme_minimal() +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) +
labs(title = "Product Type Distribution", x = "Product Type", y = "Count")
f3 <- ggplot(sales, aes(ProductType, PositiveServiceReview))
f3 + geom_col(fill = "steelblue") +
theme_minimal() +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) +
labs(title = "Product Type Distribution", x = "Product Type", y = "Count")
f4 <- ggplot(sales, aes(ProductType, x5StarReviews))
f4 + geom_col(fill = "steelblue") +
theme_minimal() +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) +
labs(title = "Product Type Distribution", x = "Product Type", y = "Count")
## Smoothing formula not specified. Using: y ~ x
## Smoothing formula not specified. Using: y ~ x
Mutlitivirate
#boxplot of Product type and Volume
ggplot (sales,aes (x=Price, y=Volume, col=ProductType)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth() +
labs( X = 'Age', Y = "Salary", title= "Multivariate Relationship between Age, salary and Brand")
ggplot(sales, aes(x = ProductType, y = Volume, fill = Price)) +
geom_boxplot(outlier.color = "red", alpha = 0.7) +
scale_fill_viridis_c(option = "plasma") + # beautiful color scale for Price
labs(
title = "Distribution of Volume by Product Type and Price",
x = "Product Type",
y = "Volume",
fill = "Price"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", hjust = 0.5)
)
# 📈 Scatter + Smooth: ProductType vs Volume, color by Price
ggplot(sales, aes(x = ProductType, y = Volume, color = Price)) +
geom_jitter(width = 0.2, alpha = 0.7, size = 3) +
geom_smooth(aes(group = 1), method = "loess", se = FALSE, color = "black") +
scale_color_viridis_c(option = "inferno") +
labs(
title = "Relationship between Product Type, Volume, and Price",
x = "Product Type",
y = "Volume",
color = "Price"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", hjust = 0.5)
)## `geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'
ggplot(sales, aes(x = as.factor(ProductType), y = Volume, fill = Price)) +
geom_boxplot(outlier.color = "red", alpha = 0.7) +
scale_fill_viridis_c(option = "plasma") +
labs(
title = "Distribution of Volume by Product Type and Price",
x = "Product Type",
y = "Volume",
fill = "Price"
) +
theme_minimal() +
theme(
axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", hjust = 0.5)
)## Warning: The following aesthetics were dropped during statistical transformation: fill.
## ℹ This can happen when ggplot fails to infer the correct grouping structure in
## the data.
## ℹ Did you forget to specify a `group` aesthetic or to convert a numerical
## variable into a factor?
#Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
- Product Type Distribution: The dataset was dominated by a few key product types (Accessories, Extended Warranty and Software).
- Review Scores: Higher numbers of 5-star and positive service reviews were associated with greater sales volumes.
- Negative Reviews: Products with higher negative reviews tended to have lower sales.
- Price Relationship: Price showed a moderate positive relationship with sales volume, indicating that more expensive items sometimes sold more, possibly due to higher quality or brand reputation.
9 Predictive Modeling
9.1 Spliiting the data
set.seed(3456)
trainIndex <- createDataPartition(sales$Volume, p = .8,
list = FALSE,
times = 1)
head(trainIndex)## Resample1
## [1,] 1
## [2,] 3
## [3,] 4
## [4,] 5
## [5,] 6
## [6,] 7## ProductType ProductNum Price x5StarReviews x4StarReviews
## 1 PC 101 949.00 3 3
## 3 PC 103 399.00 3 0
## 4 Laptop 104 409.99 49 19
## 5 Laptop 105 1079.99 58 31
## 6 Accessories 106 114.22 83 30
## 7 Accessories 107 379.99 11 3
## 8 Accessories 108 65.29 33 19
## 9 Accessories 109 119.99 16 9
## 12 Accessories 112 15.00 75 25
## 13 Accessories 113 52.50 10 8
## 14 Accessories 114 21.08 313 62
## 16 Accessories 116 3.60 8 6
## 17 Accessories 117 3.60 11 5
## 18 Accessories 118 174.99 170 100
## 19 Accessories 119 9.99 15 12
## 21 Software 121 133.08 34 15
## 22 Software 122 124.99 394 187
## 23 Software 123 56.99 513 217
## 24 Software 124 48.50 29 18
## 26 Display 126 179.99 306 114
## 27 Printer 127 396.35 8 0
## 29 PrinterSupplies 129 83.11 0 0
## 31 PrinterSupplies 131 43.22 5 0
## 32 ExtendedWarranty 132 79.98 0 1
## 33 ExtendedWarranty 133 87.98 5 0
## 34 ExtendedWarranty 134 124.98 308 27
## 35 ExtendedWarranty 135 129.98 308 27
## 36 ExtendedWarranty 136 134.98 308 27
## 37 ExtendedWarranty 137 151.98 308 27
## 38 ExtendedWarranty 138 169.98 308 27
## 39 ExtendedWarranty 139 179.98 308 27
## 40 ExtendedWarranty 140 189.50 308 27
## 41 ExtendedWarranty 141 349.99 308 27
## 42 PC 142 609.99 21 7
## 43 Laptop 143 770.60 22 14
## 44 Accessories 144 3.84 92 29
## 46 Accessories 146 59.99 366 59
## 47 Accessories 147 38.66 209 83
## 49 Accessories 149 126.95 13 2
## 50 Accessories 150 49.99 2801 431
## 51 Accessories 151 103.85 3 0
## 52 Accessories 152 52.72 51 33
## 54 Accessories 154 16.24 108 54
## 55 Accessories 155 69.00 226 37
## 56 Display 156 359.99 90 27
## 57 Display 157 1276.57 164 33
## 58 Display 158 783.98 26 13
## 59 Display 159 149.99 21 10
## 60 Printer 160 129.99 74 25
## 61 Printer 161 128.49 58 33
## 62 Printer 162 141.95 4 0
## 63 Printer 163 149.99 8 3
## 64 Printer 164 165.99 2 0
## 65 Printer 165 169.26 20 13
## 66 Printer 166 132.36 0 1
## 67 Printer 167 149.99 206 89
## 68 Printer 168 395.00 8 0
## 70 Netbook 177 379.99 1 0
## 73 GameConsole 198 129.00 1759 296
## 74 Tablet 188 499.00 86 51
## 75 Tablet 189 419.00 3 1
## 77 Smartphone 192 99.00 18 17
## 78 Netbook 182 349.99 22 10
## 79 Smartphone 197 499.00 368 28
## 80 GameConsole 200 299.99 421 87
## x3StarReviews x2StarReviews x1StarReviews PositiveServiceReview
## 1 2 0 0 2
## 3 0 0 0 1
## 4 8 3 9 7
## 5 11 7 36 7
## 6 10 9 40 12
## 7 0 0 1 3
## 8 12 5 9 5
## 9 2 0 2 2
## 12 6 3 3 9
## 13 5 0 1 2
## 14 13 8 16 44
## 16 3 2 1 0
## 17 2 2 1 0
## 18 23 20 20 310
## 19 4 0 4 3
## 21 2 2 10 5
## 22 63 42 86 55
## 23 162 370 1654 144
## 24 3 1 8 4
## 26 25 22 28 42
## 27 1 0 2 1
## 29 0 1 3 1
## 31 0 0 0 1
## 32 1 1 1 0
## 33 2 0 1 0
## 34 8 3 15 280
## 35 8 3 15 280
## 36 8 3 15 280
## 37 8 3 15 280
## 38 8 3 15 280
## 39 8 3 15 280
## 40 8 3 15 280
## 41 8 3 15 280
## 42 3 0 12 5
## 43 4 5 6 6
## 44 8 4 10 12
## 46 23 26 24 60
## 47 35 38 36 15
## 49 2 2 5 5
## 50 157 154 270 536
## 51 0 0 0 1
## 52 8 7 4 6
## 54 12 2 6 7
## 55 3 7 8 13
## 56 10 4 4 7
## 57 6 13 6 12
## 58 7 5 16 4
## 59 3 1 4 4
## 60 7 6 9 4
## 61 10 3 6 5
## 62 0 0 3 0
## 63 3 2 0 0
## 64 1 1 2 1
## 65 8 6 21 4
## 66 0 0 0 0
## 67 20 22 65 42
## 68 1 0 2 3
## 70 1 1 0 0
## 73 109 56 44 56
## 74 17 12 9 14
## 75 0 0 0 0
## 77 6 2 12 5
## 78 6 2 10 3
## 79 14 10 23 22
## 80 20 14 39 29
## NegativeServiceReview Recommendproduct ShippingWeight ProductDepth
## 1 0 0.9 25.80 23.94
## 3 0 0.9 17.40 10.50
## 4 8 0.8 5.70 15.00
## 5 20 0.7 7.00 12.90
## 6 5 0.3 1.60 5.80
## 7 0 0.9 7.30 6.70
## 8 3 0.7 12.00 7.90
## 9 1 0.8 1.80 10.60
## 12 2 0.2 2.20 21.30
## 13 0 0.8 1.10 15.60
## 14 3 0.9 0.35 5.70
## 16 0 0.8 0.01 11.50
## 17 0 0.8 0.01 11.50
## 18 6 0.8 1.40 13.80
## 19 1 0.8 0.40 11.10
## 21 4 0.7 3.20 7.40
## 22 38 0.8 0.15 7.60
## 23 112 0.3 0.55 5.20
## 24 2 0.8 0.20 8.00
## 26 12 0.8 13.70 8.50
## 27 1 0.3 63.00 17.90
## 29 1 0.1 10.30 0.00
## 31 0 1.0 1.00 4.70
## 32 3 0.4 0.20 0.00
## 33 1 0.6 0.20 0.00
## 34 8 0.9 0.20 0.00
## 35 8 0.9 0.20 0.00
## 36 8 0.9 0.20 0.00
## 37 8 0.9 0.20 0.00
## 38 8 0.9 0.20 0.00
## 39 8 0.9 0.20 0.00
## 40 8 0.9 0.20 0.00
## 41 8 0.9 0.20 0.00
## 42 3 0.6 29.10 20.95
## 43 2 0.7 3.54 12.72
## 44 3 0.8 1.00 6.50
## 46 5 0.8 2.40 7.90
## 47 4 0.7 0.40 3.60
## 49 1 0.6 3.00 5.90
## 50 22 0.8 0.40 7.00
## 51 0 0.9 8.00 4.80
## 52 1 0.8 4.00 6.60
## 54 3 0.9 0.55 6.00
## 55 1 0.9 3.80 15.00
## 56 3 0.9 7.00 9.20
## 57 4 0.9 23.00 15.50
## 58 5 0.6 25.00 29.20
## 59 2 0.8 10.00 20.00
## 60 2 0.9 32.20 15.70
## 61 2 0.9 22.70 15.70
## 62 1 0.5 25.00 19.50
## 63 0 0.7 35.00 10.20
## 64 1 0.5 31.00 22.10
## 65 7 0.5 32.00 15.10
## 66 0 0.8 30.20 20.90
## 67 50 0.7 13.00 8.80
## 68 0 0.8 63.00 17.90
## 70 1 0.3 3.00 7.44
## 73 13 0.9 7.25 8.50
## 74 2 0.8 2.00 10.10
## 75 0 0.9 2.20 7.00
## 77 4 0.7 0.70 2.80
## 78 3 0.3 5.00 7.57
## 79 3 0.9 0.90 2.70
## 80 14 0.9 10.94 12.00
## ProductWidth ProductHeight ProfitMargin Volume
## 1 6.62 16.89 0.15 12
## 3 8.30 10.20 0.08 12
## 4 9.90 1.30 0.08 196
## 5 0.30 8.90 0.09 232
## 6 4.00 1.00 0.05 332
## 7 10.30 11.50 0.05 44
## 8 6.70 2.20 0.05 132
## 9 9.40 4.70 0.05 64
## 12 1.80 7.80 0.05 300
## 13 3.00 15.00 0.05 40
## 14 3.50 8.30 0.05 1252
## 16 8.50 0.40 0.05 32
## 17 8.50 0.40 0.05 44
## 18 8.20 0.40 0.05 680
## 19 7.60 0.50 0.05 60
## 21 5.50 1.40 0.15 136
## 22 5.50 1.20 0.20 1576
## 23 1.40 7.50 0.15 2052
## 24 7.00 1.00 0.20 116
## 26 22.30 17.50 0.08 1224
## 27 15.90 12.70 0.12 32
## 29 0.00 0.00 0.35 0
## 31 2.90 6.30 0.30 20
## 32 0.00 0.00 0.40 0
## 33 0.00 0.00 0.40 20
## 34 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 35 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 36 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 37 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 38 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 39 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 40 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 41 0.00 0.00 0.40 1232
## 42 8.47 20.71 0.09 84
## 43 8.90 0.71 0.15 88
## 44 4.20 1.50 0.05 368
## 46 1.40 19.10 0.05 1464
## 47 6.50 8.80 0.05 836
## 49 1.80 6.70 0.05 52
## 50 4.50 1.20 0.05 11204
## 51 1.30 4.80 0.05 12
## 52 5.50 5.20 0.05 204
## 54 3.00 8.20 0.05 432
## 55 9.80 18.90 0.05 904
## 56 11.20 3.20 0.20 360
## 57 17.70 5.70 0.25 656
## 58 9.90 23.00 0.16 104
## 59 15.30 6.40 0.17 84
## 60 15.90 12.40 0.10 296
## 61 15.90 10.60 0.12 232
## 62 18.00 14.00 0.14 16
## 63 15.98 14.55 0.18 32
## 64 18.60 13.50 0.18 8
## 65 11.70 19.60 0.16 80
## 66 20.90 14.60 0.20 0
## 67 13.70 7.60 0.15 824
## 68 15.90 12.70 0.09 32
## 70 10.43 1.02 0.10 4
## 73 6.00 1.75 0.18 7036
## 74 6.90 0.38 0.20 344
## 75 10.20 0.40 0.18 12
## 77 5.30 0.40 0.17 72
## 78 10.47 1.43 0.12 88
## 79 5.00 0.40 0.10 1472
## 80 11.50 7.25 0.12 1684## ProductType ProductNum Price x5StarReviews x4StarReviews x3StarReviews
## 2 PC 102 2249.99 2 1 0
## 10 Accessories 110 16.99 10 1 1
## 11 Accessories 111 6.55 21 2 2
## 15 Accessories 115 18.98 349 118 27
## 20 Software 120 670.00 20 2 4
## 25 Software 125 31.99 77 31 7
## 28 Printer 128 262.98 22 8 3
## 30 PrinterSupplies 130 26.78 6 2 0
## 45 Accessories 145 6.99 384 31 13
## 48 Accessories 148 10.75 535 261 134
## 53 Accessories 153 19.99 474 38 7
## 69 Printer 169 385.96 99 43 17
## 71 Tablet 185 499.00 148 66 30
## 72 Smartphone 190 199.00 4 1 0
## 76 Smartphone 191 200.00 62 25 10
## x2StarReviews x1StarReviews PositiveServiceReview NegativeServiceReview
## 2 0 0 1 0
## 10 0 0 2 0
## 11 4 15 2 1
## 15 7 5 57 3
## 20 2 4 4 3
## 25 3 2 7 0
## 28 1 3 5 1
## 30 0 1 1 0
## 45 5 20 50 1
## 48 104 177 120 15
## 53 6 12 80 2
## 69 11 20 8 13
## 71 20 29 12 6
## 72 2 2 1 1
## 76 11 12 9 3
## Recommendproduct ShippingWeight ProductDepth ProductWidth ProductHeight
## 2 0.9 50.00 35.0 31.75 19.0
## 10 0.9 0.75 10.7 13.10 0.6
## 11 0.5 1.00 7.3 7.00 1.6
## 15 0.9 0.60 1.7 13.50 10.2
## 20 0.7 0.25 5.8 1.40 7.8
## 25 0.9 0.20 0.0 0.00 0.0
## 28 0.8 57.00 17.3 23.50 25.8
## 30 0.9 1.00 3.3 1.60 4.7
## 45 0.9 1.00 108.0 0.50 0.5
## 48 0.7 1.50 11.5 20.00 7.2
## 53 0.9 1.50 300.0 0.50 0.5
## 69 0.7 39.00 21.0 15.40 17.9
## 71 0.8 2.20 7.1 10.40 0.3
## 72 0.5 1.10 4.5 2.50 0.5
## 76 0.8 0.90 2.8 5.40 0.3
## ProfitMargin Volume
## 2 0.25 8
## 10 0.05 40
## 11 0.05 84
## 15 0.05 1396
## 20 0.15 80
## 25 0.30 308
## 28 0.12 88
## 30 0.30 24
## 45 0.05 1536
## 48 0.05 2140
## 53 0.05 1896
## 69 0.11 396
## 71 0.13 592
## 72 0.10 16
## 76 0.14 2489.2 Creating/building your model
## base parameter tuning
fitControl <- trainControl(## 10-fold CV
method = "repeatedcv",
number = 10,
## repeated ten times
repeats = 10)x5starreviews x3starreview x2starreviews x1StarReviews PositiveServiceReview NegativeServiceReview
9.3 gbm method
gbmFit1 <- train(Volume ~ x5StarReviews + x3StarReviews + x2StarReviews
+ x1StarReviews + PositiveServiceReview + NegativeServiceReview
, data = trainset,
method = "gbm",
trControl = fitControl,
## This last option is actually one
## for gbm() that passes through
verbose = FALSE)
gbmFit1## Stochastic Gradient Boosting
##
## 65 samples
## 6 predictor
##
## No pre-processing
## Resampling: Cross-Validated (10 fold, repeated 10 times)
## Summary of sample sizes: 57, 58, 58, 58, 61, 59, ...
## Resampling results across tuning parameters:
##
## interaction.depth n.trees RMSE Rsquared MAE
## 1 50 916.8905 0.8596902 522.4417
## 1 100 954.0825 0.8403375 547.6375
## 1 150 966.5379 0.8213587 550.6749
## 2 50 934.8810 0.8554955 527.9830
## 2 100 955.7133 0.8306530 544.3705
## 2 150 986.1560 0.8051720 566.7482
## 3 50 904.2145 0.8537386 508.6439
## 3 100 948.9077 0.8335186 545.6307
## 3 150 981.9606 0.8127440 568.1245
##
## Tuning parameter 'shrinkage' was held constant at a value of 0.1
##
## Tuning parameter 'n.minobsinnode' was held constant at a value of 10
## RMSE was used to select the optimal model using the smallest value.
## The final values used for the model were n.trees = 50, interaction.depth =
## 3, shrinkage = 0.1 and n.minobsinnode = 10.9.4 Random forest method
rfFit1 <- train(Volume ~ x5StarReviews + x3StarReviews + x2StarReviews
+ x1StarReviews + PositiveServiceReview + NegativeServiceReview
, data = trainset,
method = "rf",
trControl = fitControl,
## This last option is actually one
## for rf() that passes through
verbose = FALSE)
rfFit1## Random Forest
##
## 65 samples
## 6 predictor
##
## No pre-processing
## Resampling: Cross-Validated (10 fold, repeated 10 times)
## Summary of sample sizes: 60, 59, 59, 59, 58, 58, ...
## Resampling results across tuning parameters:
##
## mtry RMSE Rsquared MAE
## 2 696.7254 0.9359943 324.1327
## 4 615.2925 0.9625367 275.2524
## 6 572.5526 0.9710869 250.6320
##
## RMSE was used to select the optimal model using the smallest value.
## The final value used for the model was mtry = 6.9.5 pls method
plsFit1 <- train(Volume ~ x5StarReviews + x3StarReviews + x2StarReviews
+ x1StarReviews + PositiveServiceReview + NegativeServiceReview
, data = trainset,
method = "pls",
trControl = fitControl,
## This last option is actually one
## for pls() that passes through
verbose = FALSE)
plsFit1## Partial Least Squares
##
## 65 samples
## 6 predictor
##
## No pre-processing
## Resampling: Cross-Validated (10 fold, repeated 10 times)
## Summary of sample sizes: 58, 60, 59, 60, 57, 59, ...
## Resampling results across tuning parameters:
##
## ncomp RMSE Rsquared MAE
## 1 93.141027 0.9960984 58.86613
## 2 64.897129 0.9966117 38.82438
## 3 3.364601 0.9999820 1.85688
##
## RMSE was used to select the optimal model using the smallest value.
## The final value used for the model was ncomp = 3.resamps_volume <- resamples(list(rf = rfFit1, gbm = gbmFit1, pls = plsFit1))
summary(resamps_volume)##
## Call:
## summary.resamples(object = resamps_volume)
##
## Models: rf, gbm, pls
## Number of resamples: 100
##
## MAE
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## rf 3.0555733 20.3064097 44.354892 250.63197 410.350757 2174.86328 0
## gbm 110.7378056 278.3536243 360.055542 508.64387 492.145952 2256.35794 0
## pls 0.4171837 0.7542022 1.028837 1.85688 1.904532 11.92195 0
##
## RMSE
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## rf 3.5551550 36.370905 81.172127 572.552568 940.959024 4142.13703 0
## gbm 148.0185869 386.823412 476.928336 904.214479 674.903067 4300.49745 0
## pls 0.5344391 0.846866 1.420012 3.364601 3.275619 27.62494 0
##
## Rsquared
## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. NA's
## rf 0.8202242 0.9714455 0.9874611 0.9710869 0.9968108 0.9999510 0
## gbm 0.4249728 0.8042423 0.8947760 0.8537386 0.9514985 0.9994113 0
## pls 0.9998242 0.9999826 0.9999980 0.9999820 0.9999993 1.0000000 09.6 Building finally Model using PLS
## [1] 1plsFitfinal <- train(Volume ~ x5StarReviews + x3StarReviews + x2StarReviews
+ x1StarReviews + PositiveServiceReview + NegativeServiceReview
, data = trainset,
method = "pls",
trControl = fitControl,
## This last option is actually one
## for pls() that passes through
verbose = FALSE,
tuneGrid = plsGrid)
plsFitfinal## Partial Least Squares
##
## 65 samples
## 6 predictor
##
## No pre-processing
## Resampling: Cross-Validated (10 fold, repeated 10 times)
## Summary of sample sizes: 60, 59, 57, 60, 57, 60, ...
## Resampling results:
##
## RMSE Rsquared MAE
## 3.203816 0.999985 1.799722
##
## Tuning parameter 'ncomp' was held constant at a value of 39.7 Predicting the model
## [1] 7.327051 39.422423 83.281043 1396.720898 80.018309 307.956439
## [7] 87.686341 23.213916 1532.045493 2166.182325 1890.076936 398.038182
## [13] 596.796547 15.462284 249.462005## Combine actual and predicted values into one data frame
comparison <- data.frame(
Actual = testset$Volume,
Predicted = predictionsplsFitfinal)
## Scatter plot using ggplot2
ggplot(comparison, aes(x = Actual, y = Predicted)) +
geom_point(color = "blue", alpha = 0.6) +
geom_abline(slope = 1, intercept = 0, linetype = "dashed", color = "red") +
labs(
title = "Actual vs Predicted Volume",
x = "Actual Volume",
y = "Predicted Volume"
) +
theme_minimal()
#loading of data set ## Loading of the new data set
9.8 Predicting the new model
## [1] 385.5826945 205.0904825 294.7914605 27.5596072 3.9391488
## [6] 75.6125217 1250.4253010 94.6127325 11.4382344 1186.3213588
## [11] 3814.5910481 396.8606521 407.9357856 167.6647752 202.9814544
## [16] 1844.9857166 15.2064111 119.9590037 99.2140333 115.3320803
## [21] 350.5806813 19.2767932 -0.3358663 6101.2073747## ProductType ProductNum Price x5StarReviews x4StarReviews
## 1 PC 171 699.00 96 26
## 2 PC 172 860.00 51 11
## 3 Laptop 173 1199.00 74 10
## 4 Laptop 175 1199.00 7 2
## 5 Laptop 176 1999.00 1 1
## 6 Netbook 178 399.99 19 8
## 7 Netbook 180 329.00 312 112
## 8 Netbook 181 439.00 23 18
## 9 Netbook 183 330.00 3 4
## 10 Tablet 186 629.00 296 66
## 11 Tablet 187 199.00 943 437
## 12 Smartphone 193 199.00 99 26
## 13 Smartphone 194 49.00 100 26
## 14 Smartphone 195 149.00 42 8
## 15 Smartphone 196 300.00 50 19
## 16 GameConsole 199 249.99 462 97
## 17 Display 201 140.00 4 0
## 18 Accessories 301 20.99 30 1
## 19 Accessories 302 8.50 25 2
## 20 Software 303 70.99 29 18
## 21 Printer 304 199.99 88 8
## 22 PrinterSupplies 305 20.99 5 0
## 23 ExtendedWarranty 306 99.99 0 1
## 24 GameConsole 307 425.00 1525 252
## x3StarReviews x2StarReviews x1StarReviews PositiveServiceReview
## 1 14 14 25 12
## 2 10 10 21 7
## 3 3 3 11 11
## 4 1 1 1 2
## 5 1 3 0 0
## 6 4 1 10 2
## 7 28 31 47 28
## 8 7 22 18 5
## 9 0 1 0 1
## 10 30 21 36 28
## 11 224 160 247 90
## 12 12 16 35 8
## 13 37 33 48 14
## 14 4 4 9 4
## 15 13 20 22 5
## 16 25 17 58 32
## 17 0 0 2 1
## 18 5 0 0 2
## 19 2 4 15 2
## 20 3 1 8 4
## 21 3 1 3 5
## 22 0 0 0 1
## 23 1 1 1 0
## 24 99 56 45 59
## NegativeServiceReview Recommendproduct BestSellersRank ShippingWeight
## 1 3 0.7 2498 19.90
## 2 5 0.6 490 27.00
## 3 5 0.8 111 6.60
## 4 1 0.6 4446 13.00
## 5 1 0.3 2820 11.60
## 6 4 0.6 4140 5.80
## 7 16 0.7 2699 4.60
## 8 16 0.4 1704 4.80
## 9 0 0.7 5128 4.30
## 10 9 0.8 34 3.00
## 11 23 0.8 1 0.90
## 12 6 0.4 1277 0.90
## 13 6 0.6 16966 0.70
## 14 1 0.7 6316 0.80
## 15 7 0.6 44465 0.90
## 16 12 0.8 115 8.40
## 17 1 0.7 324 8.90
## 18 0 0.9 18 0.75
## 19 1 0.5 38 1.00
## 20 2 0.8 122 0.20
## 21 1 0.8 40 42.00
## 22 0 1.0 1011 1.00
## 23 3 0.4 5 0.20
## 24 13 0.9 215 20.00
## ProductDepth ProductWidth ProductHeight ProfitMargin Volume predictingvolume
## 1 20.63 19.25 8.39 0.25 0 385.5826945
## 2 21.89 27.01 9.13 0.20 0 205.0904825
## 3 8.94 12.80 0.68 0.10 0 294.7914605
## 4 16.30 10.80 1.40 0.15 0 27.5596072
## 5 16.81 10.90 0.88 0.23 0 3.9391488
## 6 8.43 11.42 1.20 0.08 0 75.6125217
## 7 10.17 7.28 0.95 0.09 0 1250.4253010
## 8 8.00 11.70 1.50 0.11 0 94.6127325
## 9 7.40 10.40 0.97 0.09 0 11.4382344
## 10 7.31 9.50 0.37 0.10 0 1186.3213588
## 11 5.40 7.60 0.40 0.20 0 3814.5910481
## 12 2.70 5.20 0.40 0.11 0 396.8606521
## 13 2.67 5.33 0.37 0.12 0 407.9357856
## 14 2.70 5.30 0.40 0.15 0 167.6647752
## 15 2.60 5.00 0.40 0.11 0 202.9814544
## 16 6.20 13.20 13.20 0.09 0 1844.9857166
## 17 13.60 17.60 7.30 0.05 0 15.2064111
## 18 10.70 13.10 0.60 0.05 0 119.9590037
## 19 7.30 7.00 1.60 0.10 0 99.2140333
## 20 8.00 7.00 1.00 0.20 0 115.3320803
## 21 17.30 23.50 25.80 0.90 0 350.5806813
## 22 4.70 2.90 6.30 0.30 0 19.2767932
## 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0 -0.3358663
## 24 8.50 6.00 1.75 0.18 0 6101.207374710 remove column by name
## [1] "ProductType" "ProductNum" "Price"
## [4] "x5StarReviews" "x4StarReviews" "x3StarReviews"
## [7] "x2StarReviews" "x1StarReviews" "PositiveServiceReview"
## [10] "NegativeServiceReview" "Recommendproduct" "BestSellersRank"
## [13] "ShippingWeight" "ProductDepth" "ProductWidth"
## [16] "ProductHeight" "ProfitMargin" "predictingvolume"## ProductType ProductNum Price x5StarReviews x4StarReviews
## 1 PC 171 699.00 96 26
## 2 PC 172 860.00 51 11
## 3 Laptop 173 1199.00 74 10
## 4 Laptop 175 1199.00 7 2
## 5 Laptop 176 1999.00 1 1
## 6 Netbook 178 399.99 19 8
## 7 Netbook 180 329.00 312 112
## 8 Netbook 181 439.00 23 18
## 9 Netbook 183 330.00 3 4
## 10 Tablet 186 629.00 296 66
## 11 Tablet 187 199.00 943 437
## 12 Smartphone 193 199.00 99 26
## 13 Smartphone 194 49.00 100 26
## 14 Smartphone 195 149.00 42 8
## 15 Smartphone 196 300.00 50 19
## 16 GameConsole 199 249.99 462 97
## 17 Display 201 140.00 4 0
## 18 Accessories 301 20.99 30 1
## 19 Accessories 302 8.50 25 2
## 20 Software 303 70.99 29 18
## 21 Printer 304 199.99 88 8
## 22 PrinterSupplies 305 20.99 5 0
## 23 ExtendedWarranty 306 99.99 0 1
## 24 GameConsole 307 425.00 1525 252
## x3StarReviews x2StarReviews x1StarReviews PositiveServiceReview
## 1 14 14 25 12
## 2 10 10 21 7
## 3 3 3 11 11
## 4 1 1 1 2
## 5 1 3 0 0
## 6 4 1 10 2
## 7 28 31 47 28
## 8 7 22 18 5
## 9 0 1 0 1
## 10 30 21 36 28
## 11 224 160 247 90
## 12 12 16 35 8
## 13 37 33 48 14
## 14 4 4 9 4
## 15 13 20 22 5
## 16 25 17 58 32
## 17 0 0 2 1
## 18 5 0 0 2
## 19 2 4 15 2
## 20 3 1 8 4
## 21 3 1 3 5
## 22 0 0 0 1
## 23 1 1 1 0
## 24 99 56 45 59
## NegativeServiceReview Recommendproduct BestSellersRank ShippingWeight
## 1 3 0.7 2498 19.90
## 2 5 0.6 490 27.00
## 3 5 0.8 111 6.60
## 4 1 0.6 4446 13.00
## 5 1 0.3 2820 11.60
## 6 4 0.6 4140 5.80
## 7 16 0.7 2699 4.60
## 8 16 0.4 1704 4.80
## 9 0 0.7 5128 4.30
## 10 9 0.8 34 3.00
## 11 23 0.8 1 0.90
## 12 6 0.4 1277 0.90
## 13 6 0.6 16966 0.70
## 14 1 0.7 6316 0.80
## 15 7 0.6 44465 0.90
## 16 12 0.8 115 8.40
## 17 1 0.7 324 8.90
## 18 0 0.9 18 0.75
## 19 1 0.5 38 1.00
## 20 2 0.8 122 0.20
## 21 1 0.8 40 42.00
## 22 0 1.0 1011 1.00
## 23 3 0.4 5 0.20
## 24 13 0.9 215 20.00
## ProductDepth ProductWidth ProductHeight ProfitMargin predictingvolume
## 1 20.63 19.25 8.39 0.25 385.5826945
## 2 21.89 27.01 9.13 0.20 205.0904825
## 3 8.94 12.80 0.68 0.10 294.7914605
## 4 16.30 10.80 1.40 0.15 27.5596072
## 5 16.81 10.90 0.88 0.23 3.9391488
## 6 8.43 11.42 1.20 0.08 75.6125217
## 7 10.17 7.28 0.95 0.09 1250.4253010
## 8 8.00 11.70 1.50 0.11 94.6127325
## 9 7.40 10.40 0.97 0.09 11.4382344
## 10 7.31 9.50 0.37 0.10 1186.3213588
## 11 5.40 7.60 0.40 0.20 3814.5910481
## 12 2.70 5.20 0.40 0.11 396.8606521
## 13 2.67 5.33 0.37 0.12 407.9357856
## 14 2.70 5.30 0.40 0.15 167.6647752
## 15 2.60 5.00 0.40 0.11 202.9814544
## 16 6.20 13.20 13.20 0.09 1844.9857166
## 17 13.60 17.60 7.30 0.05 15.2064111
## 18 10.70 13.10 0.60 0.05 119.9590037
## 19 7.30 7.00 1.60 0.10 99.2140333
## 20 8.00 7.00 1.00 0.20 115.3320803
## 21 17.30 23.50 25.80 0.90 350.5806813
## 22 4.70 2.90 6.30 0.30 19.2767932
## 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 -0.3358663
## 24 8.50 6.00 1.75 0.18 6101.2073747## ProductType ProductNum Price x5StarReviews x4StarReviews
## 1 PC 171 699.00 96 26
## 2 PC 172 860.00 51 11
## 3 Laptop 173 1199.00 74 10
## 4 Laptop 175 1199.00 7 2
## 5 Laptop 176 1999.00 1 1
## 6 Netbook 178 399.99 19 8
## 7 Netbook 180 329.00 312 112
## 8 Netbook 181 439.00 23 18
## 9 Netbook 183 330.00 3 4
## 10 Tablet 186 629.00 296 66
## 11 Tablet 187 199.00 943 437
## 12 Smartphone 193 199.00 99 26
## 13 Smartphone 194 49.00 100 26
## 14 Smartphone 195 149.00 42 8
## 15 Smartphone 196 300.00 50 19
## 16 GameConsole 199 249.99 462 97
## 17 Display 201 140.00 4 0
## 18 Accessories 301 20.99 30 1
## 19 Accessories 302 8.50 25 2
## 20 Software 303 70.99 29 18
## 21 Printer 304 199.99 88 8
## 22 PrinterSupplies 305 20.99 5 0
## 23 ExtendedWarranty 306 99.99 0 1
## 24 GameConsole 307 425.00 1525 252
## x3StarReviews x2StarReviews x1StarReviews PositiveServiceReview
## 1 14 14 25 12
## 2 10 10 21 7
## 3 3 3 11 11
## 4 1 1 1 2
## 5 1 3 0 0
## 6 4 1 10 2
## 7 28 31 47 28
## 8 7 22 18 5
## 9 0 1 0 1
## 10 30 21 36 28
## 11 224 160 247 90
## 12 12 16 35 8
## 13 37 33 48 14
## 14 4 4 9 4
## 15 13 20 22 5
## 16 25 17 58 32
## 17 0 0 2 1
## 18 5 0 0 2
## 19 2 4 15 2
## 20 3 1 8 4
## 21 3 1 3 5
## 22 0 0 0 1
## 23 1 1 1 0
## 24 99 56 45 59
## NegativeServiceReview Recommendproduct BestSellersRank ShippingWeight
## 1 3 0.7 2498 19.90
## 2 5 0.6 490 27.00
## 3 5 0.8 111 6.60
## 4 1 0.6 4446 13.00
## 5 1 0.3 2820 11.60
## 6 4 0.6 4140 5.80
## 7 16 0.7 2699 4.60
## 8 16 0.4 1704 4.80
## 9 0 0.7 5128 4.30
## 10 9 0.8 34 3.00
## 11 23 0.8 1 0.90
## 12 6 0.4 1277 0.90
## 13 6 0.6 16966 0.70
## 14 1 0.7 6316 0.80
## 15 7 0.6 44465 0.90
## 16 12 0.8 115 8.40
## 17 1 0.7 324 8.90
## 18 0 0.9 18 0.75
## 19 1 0.5 38 1.00
## 20 2 0.8 122 0.20
## 21 1 0.8 40 42.00
## 22 0 1.0 1011 1.00
## 23 3 0.4 5 0.20
## 24 13 0.9 215 20.00
## ProductDepth ProductWidth ProductHeight ProfitMargin volume
## 1 20.63 19.25 8.39 0.25 385.5826945
## 2 21.89 27.01 9.13 0.20 205.0904825
## 3 8.94 12.80 0.68 0.10 294.7914605
## 4 16.30 10.80 1.40 0.15 27.5596072
## 5 16.81 10.90 0.88 0.23 3.9391488
## 6 8.43 11.42 1.20 0.08 75.6125217
## 7 10.17 7.28 0.95 0.09 1250.4253010
## 8 8.00 11.70 1.50 0.11 94.6127325
## 9 7.40 10.40 0.97 0.09 11.4382344
## 10 7.31 9.50 0.37 0.10 1186.3213588
## 11 5.40 7.60 0.40 0.20 3814.5910481
## 12 2.70 5.20 0.40 0.11 396.8606521
## 13 2.67 5.33 0.37 0.12 407.9357856
## 14 2.70 5.30 0.40 0.15 167.6647752
## 15 2.60 5.00 0.40 0.11 202.9814544
## 16 6.20 13.20 13.20 0.09 1844.9857166
## 17 13.60 17.60 7.30 0.05 15.2064111
## 18 10.70 13.10 0.60 0.05 119.9590037
## 19 7.30 7.00 1.60 0.10 99.2140333
## 20 8.00 7.00 1.00 0.20 115.3320803
## 21 17.30 23.50 25.80 0.90 350.5806813
## 22 4.70 2.90 6.30 0.30 19.2767932
## 23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 -0.3358663
## 24 8.50 6.00 1.75 0.18 6101.2073747## Group.1 x
## 1 Accessories 219.1730370
## 2 Display 15.2064111
## 3 ExtendedWarranty -0.3358663
## 4 GameConsole 7946.1930912
## 5 Laptop 326.2902165
## 6 Netbook 1432.0887895
## 7 PC 590.6731770
## 8 Printer 350.5806813
## 9 PrinterSupplies 19.2767932
## 10 Smartphone 1175.4426674
## 11 Software 115.3320803
## 12 Tablet 5000.9124069## product volume
## 1 Accessories 219.1730370
## 2 Display 15.2064111
## 3 ExtendedWarranty -0.3358663
## 4 GameConsole 7946.1930912
## 5 Laptop 326.2902165
## 6 Netbook 1432.0887895
## 7 PC 590.6731770
## 8 Printer 350.5806813
## 9 PrinterSupplies 19.2767932
## 10 Smartphone 1175.4426674
## 11 Software 115.3320803
## 12 Tablet 5000.9124069library(dplyr)
predictedproducttype <- agg %>%
filter(product %in% c("PC", "Laptop", "Netbook" , "Smartphone"))
predictedproducttype## product volume
## 1 Laptop 326.2902
## 2 Netbook 1432.0888
## 3 PC 590.6732
## 4 Smartphone 1175.4427z <- ggplot(predictedproducttype, aes(product, volume))
z + geom_col(fill = "skyblue") +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 50, hjust = 1))
```
Conclusion This project succesfully built and compared Three models were compared: GBM, Random Forest, and PLS model to predict sales volume and asses the influence of customer and servuces reviews
- Model Comparison:
- Three models were compared: GBM, Random Forest, and PLS.
- Cross-validation results showed Partial Least Squares (PLS) had consistent and balanced performance across metrics.
- PLS was selected as the final predictive model due to its simplicity and interpretability.
- Model Predictions:
- The PLS model successfully predicted sales volumes for new products.
- When aggregated, the predicted sales volumes by product type showed: Netbook and Smartphone as the highest-selling categories. Latop and PCs had relatively lower predicted sales volumes. This reflects modern consumer preferences for portable, multifunctional devices.
Visualization Insights
- The final bar chart of predicted sales clearly indicates a shift in demand toward mobile and lightweight products.
- The “Actual vs Predicted Volume” scatter plot also showed points closely aligned with the diagonal, confirming good model accuracy.
10.1 Recommendations
- Focus on High-Performing Product Categories: *Increase marketing efforts for Netbook and Smartphone, as they show the highest predicted sales volumes.
2.Leverage Customer Feedback: Actively monitor and respond to service reviews and star ratings, since positive reviews strongly influence sales. Implement reward programs or automated follow-ups to encourage satisfied customers to leave reviews.
- Improve Low-Performing Categories:
- For PCs and Netbooks, investigate declining sales—possibly due to market saturation or obsolescence.
- Consider redesigning or repositioning these products to target niche markets (e.g., education, gaming, or office setups).
- Price Optimization:
- Evaluate pricing strategy: while higher prices don’t necessarily deter sales, they must align with perceived product value.
- Conduct further analysis on price elasticity to optimize margins without reducing demand.
- Continuous Model Updating:
- Update the predictive model periodically as new sales data become available to maintain accuracy.
- Integrate additional variables (e.g., seasonality, marketing spend, or competitor data) to improve prediction quality.
- Data-Driven Decision-Making:
- Embed predictive analytics into business planning—particularly in inventory management, product development, and marketing strategy—to anticipate consumer needs and maximize revenue.